Stone oaks
Lithocarpus
Lithocarpus is a genus in the beech family, Fagaceae. Trees in this genus are commonly known as the stone oaks and differ from Quercus primarily because they produce insect-pollinated flowers on erect spikes and the female flowers have short styles with punctate stigmas. At current, around 340 species have been described, mostly restricted to Southeast Asia. Fossils show that Lithocarpus formerly had a wider distribution, being found in North America and Europe during the Eocene to Miocene epochs. The species extend from the foothills of the Hengduan Mountains, where they form dominant stands of trees, through Indochina and the Malayan Archipelago, crossing Wallace's Line and reaching Papua. In general, these trees are most dominant in the uplands (more than 1,000 m or 3,300 ft above sea level) and have many ecological similarities to the Dipterocarpaceae, the dominant lowland tree group. These trees are intolerant of seasonal droughts, not being found on the Lesser Sunda Islands, despite their ability to cross numerous water barriers to reach Papua.
The North American tanoak or tanbark oak (Notholithocarpus densiflorus) was previously included in this genus but recent evidence indicates the similarities in flower and fruit morphology are due to convergent evolution. Both genetic and morphological evidence demonstrate that the tanoak is a distant relative to Asian stone oaks, and therefore tanoak has been moved into a new genus, Notholithocarpus.
60 branches of this genus, most-observed first
Lithocarpus hancei
speciesLithocarpus hancei
Taiwan Rock Oak
speciesLithocarpus konishii
Lithocarpus brevicaudatus
speciesLithocarpus brevicaudatus
Lithocarpus kawakamii
speciesLithocarpus kawakamii
Japanese blue oak
speciesLithocarpus glaber
Lithocarpus corneus
speciesLithocarpus corneus
Japanese stone oak
speciesLithocarpus edulis
Lithocarpus amygdalifolius
speciesLithocarpus amygdalifolius
Lithocarpus taitoensis
speciesLithocarpus taitoensis
Lithocarpus harlandii
speciesLithocarpus harlandii
Lithocarpus lepidocarpus
speciesLithocarpus lepidocarpus
Lithocarpus hystrix
speciesLithocarpus hystrix
Lithocarpus dodonaeifolius
speciesLithocarpus dodonaeifolius
Lithocarpus shinsuiensis
speciesLithocarpus shinsuiensis
Lithocarpus quercifolius
speciesLithocarpus quercifolius
Lithocarpus uvariifolius
speciesLithocarpus uvariifolius
Lithocarpus encleisacarpus
speciesLithocarpus encleisacarpus
Lithocarpus nantoensis
speciesLithocarpus nantoensis
Lithocarpus rassa
speciesLithocarpus rassa
Lithocarpus fenestratus
speciesLithocarpus fenestratus
Lithocarpus elegans
speciesLithocarpus elegans
Lithocarpus blumeanus
speciesLithocarpus blumeanus
Lithocarpus javensis
speciesLithocarpus javensis
Lithocarpus litseifolius
speciesLithocarpus litseifolius
Lithocarpus pachyphyllus
speciesLithocarpus pachyphyllus
Lithocarpus ferrugineus
speciesLithocarpus ferrugineus
Lithocarpus lucidus
speciesLithocarpus lucidus
Lithocarpus maingayi
speciesLithocarpus maingayi
Lithocarpus nodosus
speciesLithocarpus nodosus
Lithocarpus longanoides
speciesLithocarpus longanoides
Lithocarpus macilentus
speciesLithocarpus macilentus
Lithocarpus formosanus
speciesLithocarpus formosanus
Lithocarpus elizabethae
speciesLithocarpus elizabethae
Lithocarpus haipinii
speciesLithocarpus haipinii
Lithocarpus variolosus
speciesLithocarpus variolosus
Lithocarpus echinifer
speciesLithocarpus echinifer
Lithocarpus cyclophorus
speciesLithocarpus cyclophorus
Lithocarpus dealbatus
speciesLithocarpus dealbatus
Lithocarpus sundaicus
speciesLithocarpus sundaicus
Lithocarpus henryi
speciesLithocarpus henryi
Lithocarpus imperialis
speciesLithocarpus imperialis
Lithocarpus iteaphyllus
speciesLithocarpus iteaphyllus
Lithocarpus confragosus
speciesLithocarpus confragosus
Lithocarpus irwinii
speciesLithocarpus irwinii
Lithocarpus calophyllus
speciesLithocarpus calophyllus
Lithocarpus turbinatus
speciesLithocarpus turbinatus
Lithocarpus beccarianus
speciesLithocarpus beccarianus
Lithocarpus falconeri
speciesLithocarpus falconeri
Lithocarpus neorobinsonii
speciesLithocarpus neorobinsonii
Lithocarpus jacobsii
speciesLithocarpus jacobsii
Lithocarpus ewyckii
speciesLithocarpus ewyckii
Lithocarpus cleistocarpus
speciesLithocarpus cleistocarpus
Lithocarpus xylocarpus
speciesLithocarpus xylocarpus
Lithocarpus aggregatus
speciesLithocarpus aggregatus
Lithocarpus pattaniensis
speciesLithocarpus pattaniensis
Lithocarpus revolutus
speciesLithocarpus revolutus
Lithocarpus mariae
speciesLithocarpus mariae
Lithocarpus wrayi
speciesLithocarpus wrayi
Lithocarpus hendersonianus
speciesLithocarpus hendersonianus
Lithocarpus fohaiensis
speciesLithocarpus fohaiensis
Where it lives
Recorded sightings
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geo-referenced records in GBIF, from museums, herbaria and field observers.
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In the stacks
Searching the stacks…
Every page naming Lithocarpus in the Biodiversity Heritage Library →
This page is assembled live from iNaturalist, GBIF, Wikipedia, the Source Library and the Internet Archive. It is not yet part of the hand-edited codex. iNaturalist taxon 53956.