Red-shouldered Spinetail

The red-shouldered spinetail is 18 to 19 cm (7.1 to 7.5 in) long and weighs 25 to 26 g (0.88 to 0.92 oz). The sexes are thought to have the same plumage. Adults have uniform fuscous brown face, crown, back, rump, and uppertail coverts. Their wing coverts are dull chestnut and their flight feathers brownish gray. Their tail is blackish; it is long and the feathers have blunt tips. Their chin and throat are black. The rest of their underparts are brownish gray with a buffier center to the belly. Their iris is orange to rufescent, their bill black to blackish brown, and their legs and feet gray. Juveniles have grayish wing coverts.

The red-shouldered spinetail is found in eastern Brazil, in an area roughly bounded by Piauí, western Pernambuco, and extreme northern Minas Gerais. It inhabits arid scrubby woodland within the caatinga biome, and favors areas dense with terrestrial bromeliads. In elevation it ranges between 200 and 400 m (700 and 1,300 ft).

The red-shouldered spinetail feeds mostly on arthropods but also includes seeds in its diet. It usually forages in pairs, gleaning its prey mainly from leaf litter on the ground but also seeking it in foliage and on small branches up to about 2 m (7 ft) above the ground.