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NL·0151PlantsSalicaceaeTree83,399 field observations
Quaking aspenNL·0151
Plate 1 of 8. (c) Nathan Perkins, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC), uploaded by Nathan Perkins · via iNaturalist

Herbarium of the Nature Library

Name
Populus tremuloides
Family
Salicaceae
Native to
Across Canada and Alaska, south through the Rocky Mountains to northern Mexico
Habitat
Boreal forest, Montane forest, Parkland
IUCN LC · Least concern

Quaking aspen

Populus tremuloides

Also calledAzaadi (Ojibwe) · Álamo temblón (Spanish) · Peuplier faux-tremble (French) · Amerikanische Zitterpappel (German)

One aspen grove in Utah, called Pando, is a single male clone with about 47,000 trunks on one root system, covering some 43 hectares and weighing around 6,000 tonnes. It is often called the heaviest known organism. Aspen leaves flutter in the faintest breeze on flattened stalks.

Populus tremuloides is a deciduous tree native to cooler areas of North America, one of several species referred to by the common name aspen. It is commonly called quaking aspen, trembling aspen, American aspen, mountain or golden aspen, trembling poplar, white poplar, and popple, as well as others. The trees have tall trunks, up to 25 metres tall, with smooth pale bark, scarred with black. The glossy green leaves, dull beneath, become golden to yellow, rarely red, in autumn. The species often propagates through its roots to form large clonal groves originating from a shared root system. These roots are not rhizomes, as new growth develops from adventitious buds on the parent root system. Wikipedia

§1

What it can do

  1. iSpreads by root suckers into vast clones; Pando is one genetic individual of about 47,000 stems
  2. iiIts flattened leaf stalks make leaves tremble in the slightest wind
  3. iiiPhotosynthesises through its pale green-white bark, even in winter
  4. ivRe-sprouts quickly after fire, acting as a natural firebreak and pioneer
  5. vIs the most widely distributed tree in North America
§2

At the table

Edible
Edible with care
Not eaten
Toxic
Deadly

Eateninner bark (spring, famine food) · catkins

Inner bark was eaten in spring by Indigenous peoples and in hard times. Bark contains salicin and related compounds, so people with aspirin allergy should avoid it.

§3

In the medicine cabinet

TraditionUse
Indigenous North American medicine (e.g. Cree)Bark tea for fever, pain and coughs; the bark's white powder used as sunscreen

Weight of evidence

Traditional. Long historical use; little or no modern clinical evidence.

Active compounds

salicin, populin, tremuloidin

CautionSalicylates: avoid with aspirin allergy, anticoagulants, and in children with viral illness.
§4

Fruit & seed

Fruit

Capsule

Ripens: Late spring

Catkins of small capsules that release cottony seeds.

Seed

<1 mm

Minute seeds with cottony hairs

Dispersal
Wind
Germination
Sow immediately on moist soil; viability lasts only days to weeks
§5

How to grow it

Hardiness (USDA zones)

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

USDA 1–7. Survives winters down to about -51 °C.

Light
Full sun
Water
Moderate
Soil
Adaptable; moist, well-drained
Propagation
Root cuttings or suckers; fresh seed
To harvest
Ornamental; individual stems live about 100–150 years
Climates
Boreal, Continental, Montane
  1. 1Take root cuttings or dig a sucker in early spring
  2. 2Plant in full sun with space to spread
  3. 3Expect suckers; mow or cut them where unwanted
  4. 4Protect young stems from deer and elk browsing

Can it grow where you are?

or
§6

Where it lives

Recorded sightings

—

geo-referenced records in GBIF, from museums, herbaria and field observers.

Native range

Across Canada and Alaska, south through the Rocky Mountains to northern Mexico

Drag the globe to turn it. Dots are where records exist, not a range map; darker means more records.

§7

In the old herbals & bestiaries

No plate in the Source Library names this exact species, so these show its closest relatives as the old naturalists drew them: same genus, or the same kind of plant. Click a plate to read the page it came from, with translation.

§8

In the stacks

Searching the stacks…

Every page naming Populus tremuloides in the Biodiversity Heritage Library →

§9

Marginalia

Pando was identified as one clone in the 1970s, and genetic testing in 2008 confirmed it. A 2024 genetic study estimated Pando may be between about 16,000 and 80,000 years old, though this is uncertain.

Curiosity

Pando is not regenerating well, because mule deer and elk eat nearly all young shoots; fenced areas are being used to help it.

§10

Kinship

  1. kingdomPlantae
  2. ›phylumTracheophyta
  3. ›subphylumAngiospermae
  4. ›classMagnoliopsida
  5. ›orderMalpighiales
  6. ›familySalicaceae
  7. ›genusPopulus
  8. ›sectionPopulus
Open its branch on the Wheel of Life →

Photographs: iNaturalist contributors under the licences shown. Records: GBIF.org. Historical plates: Source Library (CC BY-SA 4.0; originals public domain). Summary text: Nature Library editors and Wikipedia (CC BY-SA). Medicinal and edibility notes are historical and educational, not advice. iNaturalist taxon 54840.