Keays's rice rat

Nephelomys keaysi, also known as Keays's oryzomys or Keays's rice rat, is a species of rodent in the genus Nephelomys of family Cricetidae. It is found from southeastern Peru to northern Bolivia on the eastern slope of the Andes in Yungas humid forest at altitudes of 1000 to 2600 m. Although its continued existence is not in serious danger and it is listed as "least concern", destruction of its habitat may pose a threat to some populations.

In 1900, Joel Asaph Allen described two rodents from Juliaca, Peru, at an altitude of 6,000 feet (1,800 m) on the basis of specimens collected in 1899 and 1900 by H. H. Keays. One he named, after Keays, Oryzomys keaysi, and the other Oryzomys obtusirostris. He considered the former to have no close relatives and the latter to be close to O. longicaudatus. Oldfield Thomas, in reporting on some specimens from Peru, concurred with the latter allocation, but considered O. keaysi to be part of the group around O. albigularis, and suggested that these should perhaps all be placed in the same species. After re-examining his specimens of O. obtusirostris, Allen reclassified the animal to the genus Zygodontomys in 1913, as Zygodontomys obtusirostris, but admitted that it was atypical for its long tail. In 1944, Philip Hershkovitz published a revision of the genus Nectomys as then understood, and in comparing it to what is now Sigmodontomys alfari, he listed, in a footnote, the names he understood as synonyms of Oryzomys albigularis.