Nyctibatrachus manalari

N. manalari is a diminutive frog, with a snout–vent length of 13.1–15.4 mm (0.52–0.61 in) for adult males. The head is wider than it is long, and the snout is longer than the diameter of the eye. The tympanum (external ear) is indistinct, and the feet lack webbing. In adult males, the upperside is reddish-brown, with two orangish-brown stripes running lengthwise from behind the eyelids to mid-back and an orangish-brown between the eyes; the stripes delineate a paler region on the snout. The sides of the head are light greyish-brown, interspersed with white dots, and the flanks are light orangish-brown with small white spots. The undersides and limbs are light reddish-brown; the limbs are marked with dark brown horizontal lines and white spots. The hands and feet are also light reddish-brown but somewhat lighter than the belly. When preserved in 70% ethanol, the upperside and upper eyelids are dark greyish-brown, while the lines from the eyelids to mid-back are light brown. The sides of the head, flanks, hands, and feet are grey, while the limbs are light grey with dark horizontal bands. The underside is light grayish-white. N. …

N. manalari is endemic to the Western Ghats of India, where it is known from the Periyar Tiger Reserve in Kerala and Meghamalai Wildlife Sanctuary in Tamil Nadu. Individuals from Kerala were found concealed in undergrowth near a rocky region in a patch of primary evergreen forest at elevations of 1,544–1,584 m (5,066–5,197 ft). In Tamil Nadu, the frogs have been observed inhabiting secondary forest inside a plantation. Its range in the Meghmalai Mountains is probably larger than currently known.

Males of the species have been recorded calling from 7–9 pm and also occasionally during the day, at 2 pm. One of these vocalising males was located next to a clutch of eight eggs laid under vegetation on the ground. Nuptial pads in the species are weakly developed. The species is known to be infected by the amphibian chytrid fungus; however, no deaths from chytridiomycosis have been recorded in the species so far. N. manalari is currently classified as being data deficient by the IUCN due to the paucity of information regarding its range, population, and ecology. It is thought to be rather common throughout its range, and all known populations of the species reside in protected areas. Potential threats to the species include the usage of pesticides in tea plantations and chytridiomycosis.

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