Hypsolebias gardneri

description

Description. Morphometric data appear in Table 2. Body relatively deep, compressed. Greatest body depth at vertical just anterior to pelvic-fin base. Dorsal and ventral profiles of head and trunk slightly convex, approximately straight on caudal peduncle. Head narrow, sub-triangular in lateral view. Jaws short, teeth numerous, conical, irregularly arranged; outer teeth hypertrophied, inner teeth small and numerous. Vomerine teeth absent. Gill-rakers on first branchial arch 3 + 9, gill-rakers long, straight, without denticles. Urogenital papilla conical in males, pocket-shaped in females, slightly projecting over anterior part of anal fin. Dorsal and anal fins relatively short, extremities rounded to slightly pointed in both sexes, without filamentous rays. Caudal fin subtruncate in males, rounded in females. Pectoral fin elliptical, posterior margin reaching between base of 6 th and 9 th anal-fin ray in males, reaching anus in females. Pelvic fin small, tip reaching between base of 3 rd and 5 th anal-fin rays in males, reaching base of 1 st anal-fin ray in females; pelvic-fin bases medially united. Dorsal-fin origin at vertical between base of 1 st and 2 nd anal-fin rays in males,

Cryptic species diversity in the Hypsolebiasmagnificus complex, a clade of endangered seasonal killifishes from the Sao Francisco River basin, Brazilian Caatinga (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheilidae)

diagnosis

Diagnosis. Hypsolebias gardneri differs from all other species of the H. magnificus complex, except H. harmonicus, by the following combination of character states relative to the male colour pattern: anterior part of the flank with three dark greenish grey bars (vs. dark greenish grey bars absent in H. hamadryades); dorsal fin with transverse blue stripes and one basal row of blue dots (vs. rows of blue dots on the whole fin in H. picturatus); anal fin with dots and short vermiculate marks irregularly arranged on the anterior part of the fin (vs. dots on the entire fin in H. picturatus, and transverse blue stripes on most fin in H. magnificus and H. hamadryades); and anterior half of caudal fin with transverse rows of blue dots, posterior half with transverse blue bars (vs. blue bars on most fin in H. magnificus and dots on the entire fin in H. picturatus). Hypsolebias gardneri is distinguished from H. harmonicus by having the caudal fin with 23 or 24 rays, subtruncate and longer in males, measuring 34.5 - 36.4 % SL (vs. with 22 or 22 rays, round, measuring 31.2 - 33.2 % SL), and from H. hamadryades by having the dorsal-fin origin just posterior to anal-fin origin in males (vs. an

Cryptic species diversity in the Hypsolebiasmagnificus complex, a clade of endangered seasonal killifishes from the Sao Francisco River basin, Brazilian Caatinga (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheilidae)

distribution

Distribution. Hypsolebias gardneri is known only from the type locality (14 ° 17 ' 39 " S, 43 ° 42 ' 32 " W, altitude about 500 m a. s. l.; Figure 3), a wide temporary pool, with dense aquatic vegetation in open areas and bushes concentrated on part of the pool bank. Specimens of Hypsolebias pterophyllus Costa, 2012 were common in all parts of the pool, whereas specimens of H. gardneri have their distribution restricted to shadow areas, under marginal bushes. The pool was sampled a single time (31 January 2010), when the whole type series was collected. No similar pools were found in the region, thus it is not possible to evaluate its conservation status.

Cryptic species diversity in the Hypsolebiasmagnificus complex, a clade of endangered seasonal killifishes from the Sao Francisco River basin, Brazilian Caatinga (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheilidae)

etymology

Etymology. The name gardneri in honour of Scottish naturalist George Gardner, who was in the Caatinga during his trip to Brazil between 1836 and 1841, making rich natural history collections. His reports on the region, and the numerous plant species and Cretaceous fossil fish collected by him represent important landmarks of our knowledge about Caatinga biodiversity.

Cryptic species diversity in the Hypsolebiasmagnificus complex, a clade of endangered seasonal killifishes from the Sao Francisco River basin, Brazilian Caatinga (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheilidae)