Sambar

materials_examined

Material description. Antlers: DMR-KS- 05 - 03 - 20 - 11 is a nearly complete antler, slightly broken at the middle part of the main beam (Fig. 23 A). The fragmentary antler DMR-KS- 05 - 03 - 26 - 2 comprises a burr, a broken brow tine, and a half of the main beam (Fig. 23 B). The specimen DMR-KS- 05 - 03 - 28 - 23 preserves the broken brow tine and main beam (Fig. 23 C). The antler surface is rough. The shed antlers are morphologically characterized by three main tines, a long and slender main beam, a forked construction at the tip, and a well-developed burr (Fig. 23 A-C). On the apical bifurcation, the postero-internal tine is much shorter than the antero-external one. The main beam and brow tine are also much more robust, compared to the extant males of Axis porcinus (e. g., the specimen MNHN-ZMO- 1904 - 60 and NMW- 2546). The divergent angle between the main beam and brow tine ranges from 50 ° to 90 °. The shed antlers of Rusa unicolor are different from those of Axis axis in having slightly rougher surfaces, more divergent insertion relative to the frontal orientation, a shorter main beam, and a smaller angle between the main beam and the brow tine, and in lacking small-orname

The Middle Pleistocene vertebrate fauna from Khok Sung (Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand): biochronological and paleobiogeographical implications

materials_examined

Referred material. Three right antlers-DMR-KS- 05 - 03 - 20 - 11 (nearly complete specimen), DMR-KS- 05 - 03 - 26 - 2 (fragment), and DMR-KS- 05 - 03 - 28 - 23 (fragment); a right M 1, DMR-KS- 05 - 03 - 22 - 10; two left M 2 - DMR-KS- 05 - 04 - 9 - 3 and DMR-KS- 05 - 04 - 3 - 3; a left M 3, DMR-KS- 05 - 03 - 31 - 1; two right mandibles-DMR-KS- 05 - 03 - 31 - 2 (with m 2) and DMR-KS- 05 - 03 - 13 (with p 4 - m 3); two left mandibles-DMR-KS- 05 - 03 - 00 - 101 (with p 3 - m 3) and DMR-KS- 05 - 03 - 27 - 4 (with m 3); a right m 1, DMR-KS- 05 - 03 - 00 - 5; a left fragmentary humerus, DMR-KS- 05 - 03 - 15 - 43 (distal part); three right fragmentary radii-DMR-KS- 05 - 03 - 25 - 9 (proximal part), DMR-KS- 05 - 03 - 19 - 14 (proximal part), and DMR-KS- 05 - 03 - 26 - 19 (distal part); a left metacarpus, DMR-KS- 05 - 03 - 17 - 26; six fragmentary femora-DMR-KS- 05 - 03 - 19 - 7 (right proximal part), DMR-KS- 05 - 03 - 12 - 2 (right proximal part), DMR-KS- 05 - 04 - 11 - 2 (right distal part), DMR-KS- 05 - 03 - 26 - 5 (left proximal part), DMR-KS- 05 - 04 - 30 - 9 (left distal part), and DMR-KS- 05 - 04 - 19 - 10 (left distal part); a right tibia, DMR-KS- 05 - 03 - 28 - 16; a right metatars

The Middle Pleistocene vertebrate fauna from Khok Sung (Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand): biochronological and paleobiogeographical implications

discussion

Remarks: This species is a vulnerable and normally protected species of Myanmar.

Mammals of Myanmar: an annotated checklist

distribution

Distribution: Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam. In Myanmar, recorded in Kachin State (Madwalrazi area, Bumphabum, Hponkanrazi,

Mammals of Myanmar: an annotated checklist