Bishop's Toad

diagnosis

Diagnosis. Rhinella alata is a small-sized (Table 2; Figs 8 and 9) species of Rhinella having the following combination of characters: (1) average SVL of females 44.25 mm (SD = 4.36, n = 39), males 36.83 mm (SD = 2.31, n = 49); (2) bony knob at angle of jaws absent, corner of mouth angular; (3) supraorbital crests low and thick, continuous with preorbital crests; usually with crenulate texture on vertical surfaces; (4) supratympanic crests concave and small; their posterior edge usually next to the anterior border of parotoid glands; (5) canthus rostralis present but inconspicuous, sometimes continuous with preorbital crests; (6) parietal crests usually present, ill-defined; (7) heel reaching posterior margin of eye when hindlimbs adpressed; (8) vertebral apophyses no protruding; (9) snout subacuminate in dorsal view, from rounded to protruding in profile; (10) skin on dorsum bearing a mixture of warts, pustules, and minute tubercles; (11) mid-dorsal line from snout to vent often present; (12) spiculate tubercles on external border of shank, evident especially on females; (13) dorsolateral row of sharply pointed, conical tubercles between posterior border of parotoid glands and gro

Systematics of the Rhinellamargaritifera complex (Anura, Bufonidae) from western Ecuador and Panama with insights in the biogeography of Rhinellaalata