Gobiosoma hemigymnum

diagnosis

Diagnosis. A species of Gobiosoma distinguished from other members of the genus by the following characters: body scaled from caudal peduncle to base of pectoral fin, scales in a wedge shape to under posterior of first dorsal-fin base, wedge ending abruptly, then continuing forward in a narrow, straight row of 1 – 2 scales high along midline; a naked area extending from mid- pectoral-fin base to (or past) posterior of second dorsal-fin base and from mid-pectoral-fin base to (or past) posterior end anal fin ray base; upper jaw 34.6 % in head length; lateral scales modally 31; pectoral fin 19 (17 – 21); maximum size to 44 mm SL. General morphology. Meristic and morphometrics given in Table 3. Body cylindrical, elongate; head rounded in profile; eyes dorsolateral (mean followed by range in parentheses) 26.6 % (21.8 – 34.8) in HL; maxilla generally extending posteriorly to a vertical under rear of pupil; upper jaw length 34.6 % (28.3 – 53.5) in HL; anterior and posterior nares are tubes without flaps or tentacles; posterior naris 1 / 3 height of anterior naris (lower in juveniles); very small wart-like barbel in front of eye, near anterior naris; males with a triangular, wide, flattene

Status of Gobiosoma (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from Brazil: description of a new species, redescription of G. hemigymnum, molecular phylogeny of the genus, and key to Atlantic species

distribution

Distribution, habitat and natural history (Fig. 5). Gobiosoma hemigymnum has been documented to occur, based on recent collections, in the southwestern Atlantic from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, about 23 º S, to Mar del Plata, Argentina, about 38 º S. It may occur near Cabo Frio, about 22.8 º S if the holotype was collected by the Hessler expedition in dredge 21 (See discussion for details). It inhabits estuarine, intertidal and shallow coastal areas; frequently found associated with epilithic organisms (2 centimeters or more in size) found at depths ranging from tidepools to 13 meters. Specimens from Lagoa da Conceição (state of Santa Catarina) were collected by one of us (JCJ) while snorkeling along the granitic shores in 1.5 to 2 meters of water in an area where the non-native Styela plicata (Lesueur 1823) occurs (Barros et al., 2009). This solitary ascidian forms extensive aggregations in bands about 1 meter below the lower limit of the intertidal zone. Other species collected in the area included: the gobiid Bathygobius soporator (Valenciennes 1837), the native blenny Hypleurochilus fissicornis (Quoy & Gaimard 1824) and the invasive blenny Omobranchus punctatus (Valenciennes 1836),

Status of Gobiosoma (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from Brazil: description of a new species, redescription of G. hemigymnum, molecular phylogeny of the genus, and key to Atlantic species

materials_examined

Color in recently preserved specimens (Fig. 2). Background color of head and body a pale brown; ventral surface from throat to anus, including chest and pelvic fin, uniformly pigmented, paler than sides of body. Body with series of eight dusky bars; first starting under anterior of first dorsal (D 1); second starting under D 1 spine 5; third just anterior to insertion of second dorsal (D 2); fourth through 6 th bar located under D 2; seventh bar in middle of caudal peduncle; the eighth dusky bar, a thin, distinct vertical dusky line on the base of caudal fin rays; dusky bars not extending onto belly; barred pattern poorly developed in some individuals, when poorly developed, pattern more evident on dorsal part of body; dusky bars with slightly duskier outer edges; edges vertical, straight, never wavy. A series of dusky spots present on lateral midline in the center of each dusky bar, sometimes double; the last spot on caudal peduncle frequently a anteriorly directed triangle. Head with three dusky spots located between the posterior of the eye and the upper pectoral fin base; first directly behind eye, second above preopercle, third above posterior edge of opercle; head pattern fre

Status of Gobiosoma (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from Brazil: description of a new species, redescription of G. hemigymnum, molecular phylogeny of the genus, and key to Atlantic species

materials_examined

Material examined: SANTA CATARINA, BRAZIL: MZUSP 46631, 1, MZUSP 46666, 1, A. Carvalho-Filho, January 1988, Porto Belo; MZUSP 55330, 4, R. L. Moura, A. Carvalho-Filho, C. H. Flesch & R. Francini-Filho, 15 December 1998, Ilha do Arvoredo, Florianópolis, 27 ° S 48 ° W, depth 3 – 9 m; MZUSP 55368, 1, R. L. Moura, A. Carvalho-Filho, C. H. Flesch & R. Francini-Filho, 16 December 1998, Ilha do Arvoredo, Florianópolis, 27 ° 17 ' 30 " S 48 ° 22 ' 00 " W, depth 8 m; MZUSP 55404, 1, R. L. Moura, A. Carvalho-Filho, C. H. Flesch & R. Francini-Filho, 17 December 1998, Ilha do Arvoredo, Florianópolis, depth 11 m; CIUFES 2596, 1, CIUFES 2600, 4, AMNH 262810, 25, J. - C. Joyeux, 23 May 2013, Lagoa da Conceição, Florianópolis; UF 187660, 11, CIUFES 2599, 9, J. - C. Joyeux, 21 May 2013, Lagoa da Conceição, Florianópolis; CIUFES 2628, 26, J. - C. Joyeux, 22 May 2013, Lagoa da Conceição, Florianópolis. RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRAZIL: MZUSP 65312, 3 (of 4), G. Q. Benvegnú, 18 August 1972, N. Oc. " Prof. W. Besnard ", estação 1894, 32 º 58´S 52 º 30´W, depth 13 m; MZUSP 65328, 2, G. Phonier, 0 1 August 1974, Barra de Tramandaí, Tramandaí. URUGUAY: USNM 86677, 5 of 7, paratypes of Gobiosoma parri, Hugh M. Smi

Status of Gobiosoma (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from Brazil: description of a new species, redescription of G. hemigymnum, molecular phylogeny of the genus, and key to Atlantic species