Minnow

description

Nuptial colouration Male. – Snout and top of head dark brown. Ablack bar on operculum reaching from top of head to branchiostegal rays. Cheeks white. Operculum with a white spot at uppermost, posterior corner. Ayellow spot on lower-most posterior margin of operculum and on suboperculum. Z 1 blackish. No stripe long Z 3. Bars of variable widths crossing Z 2 to Z 4, bars black in Z 2 and green in Z 3 and Z 4. Z 4 greenish yellow, bars poorly contrasted on Z 4. Bars distinct on caudal peduncle. Z 5 greyish to blackish. Belly pinkish or light orange. Mouth as well as bases of pectoral, pelvic and anal fins with a pinkish tinge (Fig. 6 A, C). Female. – Z 1 dark brown, Z 2 greyish, a black stripe on Z 3 and black bars from Z 1 to Z 3. Z 4 green and Z 5 black. Female always display « male » characters: white and yellow spots on operculum and white spots at base of pectoral, pelvic and anal fins (Fig. 6 B, D). Molecular characterization On the COI marker, P. phoxinus has seven diagnostic sites, including one synapomorphy. However, the Meuse + Rhine and the Seine populations are characterised respectively by five and two diagnostic sites (Tab. II). For the 12 S rDNA marker, two diagnostic s

Revision of Phoxinus in France with the description of two new species (Teleostei, Leuciscidae)

diagnosis

Diagnosis Phoxinus phoxinus is distinguished from theother French Phoxinus species by its unique nuptial colour pattern. The nuptial male has bars of variable widths crossing Z 2 to Z 4 and no stripe long Z 3 (vs. presence of a stripe in Z 3), the bars are black in Z 2 and green in Z 3 and Z 4 (vs. black from Z 2 to Z 3). Z 2 is golden-yellow (vs. light brownish), Z 4 green-yellowish (vs. uniform green, yellow or greyish). Lips as well as pectoral, pelvic and anal fin bases are pinkish (vs. red) (Fig. 6 A, C). In the nuptal female, Z 4 is green (vs. yellow or greyish), and it has a black line in Z 5 between the pectoral- and anal fin bases (vs. absent) (Fig. 6 B, D). Phoxinus phoxinus is distinguished from P. biggeri by having 75 - 99 scales in the lateral series (vs. 68 - 87), a slightly pointed snout (vs. very stout), a subterminal mouth (vs. terminal or slightly subterminal), a straight to slightly concave anal fin margin (vs. straight to convex), and the caudal peduncle depth 2.8 - 3.9 times in its length (vs. 2.1 - 3.4). Phoxinus phoxinus is distinguished from P. csikii by having a slightly pointed snout (vs. very stout and blunt), and a straight to slightly concave anal fin m

Revision of Phoxinus in France with the description of two new species (Teleostei, Leuciscidae)

discussion

Remarks According to the COI tree (Fig. 3 A), there are two distinct lineages: the first groups Rhine + Meuse and the sec- ond clade grouping Seine samples. Both clades are separated by a p-distance of 1.5 % but we found no difference between both in morphology and colour pattern. We consider both as two evolutionary lineages of a same species.

Revision of Phoxinus in France with the description of two new species (Teleostei, Leuciscidae)

distribution

Distribution Phoxinus phoxinus occurs in the Rhine, Meuse and Seine drainages as well as the coastal catchments of Normandy (Fig. 1). It is also found in the Thames and English Channel coastal catchments (Jörg Freyhof, pers. comm.) and these drainages were tributaries of the Channel River during the Pleistocene and Holocene (see Persat and Keith, 1997). In the Rhine drainage, it seems to form hybrid populations with P. csikii, which might be partly natural as both species are expected to form a contact zone, but minnows have also been introduced regionally (Palandačić et al., 2017). It has been introduced in the Golo River in Corsica, in the Weser drainage and in Ireland (Knebelsberger et al., 2015; Palandačić et al., 2017), and maybe elsewhere in Europe.

Revision of Phoxinus in France with the description of two new species (Teleostei, Leuciscidae)