Bulls-eye

vernacular_names

– Black cardinal fish; Olhudo ①, Escamuda, Escuro, Jordão or Preto ②, Robaldo, Robaldo-do-alto or Robalo-preto ③

Updated checklist of marine fishes (Chordata: Craniata) from Portugal and the proposed extension of the Portuguese continental shelf

description

Measurements (% SL); counts are given in Table 1. Head length 32.4 – 38.0; head width 16.8 – 19.2; head height 17.3 – 20.8; body depth 22.7 – 25.5; body width 15.9 – 18.9; caudal-peduncle depth 7.8 – 11.0; caudal-peduncle length 22.6 – 26.3; orbital diameter 8.8 – 17.1; interorbital width 9.9 – 11.2; postorbital length 11.1 – 15.2; upper-jaw length 13.7 – 15.5; lower-jaw length 15.1 – 19.1; snout length 7.3 – 9.7; pre-first dorsal-fin length 38.0 – 42.0; presecond dorsal-fin length 59.3 – 61.9; pre-pectoral-fin length 33.5 – 36.9; pre-pelvic-fin length 36.3 – 39.9; pre-anus length 60.9 – 66.3; pre-anal-fin length 67.2 – 70.7; first spine length on first dorsal fin 4.6 – 5.8; second spine length on first dorsal fin 11.9 – 12.9; third spine length on first dorsal fin 13.9 – 15.7; second dorsal-fin spine length 5.2 – 8.9; first anal-fin spine length 1.8 – 2.8; second anal-fin spine length 5.1 – 8.9; pelvic-fin spine length 7.5 – 12.1; first dorsal-fin base length 12.4 – 17.2; second dorsal-fin base length 9.8 – 11.1; anal-fin base length 8.3 – 13.0; pectoral-fin length 11.0 – 16.6; pelvic-fin length 13.3.

A review of the deepwater cardinalfish genus Epigonus (Perciformes: Epigonidae) of the Western Indian Ocean, with description of two new species

diagnosis

Diagnosis. Dorsal-fin rays VII-I-I, 10; pectoral-fin rays 19 – 23; total gill rakers 23 – 26; vertebrae 11 + 14; pyloric caeca 21 – 34; pored lateral-line scales 46 – 50 + 3 – 5; opercular spine absent; maxillary mustache-like processes absent; ribs on last abdominal vertebra present; tongue toothless; body depth 22.7 – 25.5 % SL.

A review of the deepwater cardinalfish genus Epigonus (Perciformes: Epigonidae) of the Western Indian Ocean, with description of two new species

distribution

Distribution. Western South Indian Ocean (Shcherbachev 1987; Abramov 1992; present study); Eastern Atlantic including Mediterranean (Mayer 1974, 1975; Abramov 1992); western North Atlantic (Mayer 1974); Australia (Hoese et al. 2006; Gomon et al. 2008); New Zealand (Paulin et al. 1989; Stewart & Gon 2015), at ca. 75 – 1375 m depth. Comparisons and Remarks. Epigonus telescopus belongs to the E. telescopus group by having an isolated dorsal-fin spine between first dorsal and second dorsal fins. The isolated dorsal fin spine reduces in size with growth, becoming difficult to discern in large adult specimens (Fig. 18). This species is similar to E. angustifrons in having the isolated dorsal-fin spine, but differs in having 23 – 26 gill rakers (vs. 33 – 36 in E. angustifrons) and a deeper body (ca. 1 / 4 of SL vs. ca. 1 / 5 of SL in E. angustifrons). Furthermore, E. telescopus differs from other congeners in the Western Indian Ocean in the absence of an opercular spine (vs. pungent opercular spine present in E. bispinosus, E. idai, E. lenimen, E. marimonticolus, E. pectinifer, E. robustus, and E. waltersensis) and 11 + 14 vertebrae (vs. 10 + 15 in E. denticulatus, E. elongatus, E. exodon

A review of the deepwater cardinalfish genus Epigonus (Perciformes: Epigonidae) of the Western Indian Ocean, with description of two new species