Ischnocnema bocaina

description

Description of holotype. Adult male with vocal slits, subgular vocal sac, and nuptial pads; medium-size (SVL = 18.6 mm). Head slightly longer than wide; head length 36 % of the SVL, head width 34 % of the SVL; snout round- ed in dorsal view, acuminate in lateral view; nostril elliptical, slightly protuberant, oriented laterally, located near the tip of snout; canthus rostralis slightly distinct, curved; loreal region slightly concave; two poorly-developed, rounded, postrictal tubercles on each side about the same size; eye protuberant, oriented laterally; eye diameter 42 % of head length; palpebral tubercles absent; tympanum barely distinct, rounded; tympanic membrane undifferentiated; annulus present, barely visible externally, its dorsal portion hidden; tympanum diameter 45 % of eye diameter; supratympanic fold absent; vocal slits present; vocal sac subgular, distinct, one visible fold on each side of the jaw; tongue large, elliptical, without posterior notch; choanae elliptical, larger than the dentigerous processes of the vomer; dentigerous processes of the vomer round, located posteromedially to choanae, medially separated by a gap approximately the same size as one dentigerou

A new species of Ischnocnema Reinhardt and Lütken, 1862 (Anura: Brachycephalidae) of the I. lactea species series from southeastern Brazil

diagnosis

Diagnosis. In the I. lactea species series by phylogenetic placement (Fig. 1). Ischnocnema bocaina sp. nov. is distinguished from all other species of the I. lactea series by the following combination of characters: (1) medium size (SVL in males 18.6 – 19.0 mm); (2) snout rounded in dorsal view (Fig. 2); (3) tip of the snout acuminate in lateral view (Fig. 3); (4) dorsum smooth with granular flanks; (5) venter smooth; (6) head longer than wide; (7) eyelid tubercles absent; (8) dentigerous process of the vomer present; (9) vocal sac single, subgular, slightly expanded; (10) tips of Fingers II – IV expanded, truncated; (11) glandular-appearing nuptial pad on dorsal surface of the thumb, rounded, poorly-developed, whitish, extending to the posterior half of the thenar tubercle; (12) toe lengths formula I <II <V <III <IV; (13) calcar tubercle present, well-developed; (14) 9 – 18 notes per call; (15) advertisement call duration 1000 – 2010 ms; (16) note rate 8.1 – 9.0 notes / s; (17) dominant frequency 2325 – 2746 Hz; (18) nonpulsed advertisement call. Comparison with other species. We based the comparisons both on collection specimens and literature data (references follow in parenthes

A new species of Ischnocnema Reinhardt and Lütken, 1862 (Anura: Brachycephalidae) of the I. lactea species series from southeastern Brazil

etymology

Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the Bocaina Mountain Range (Serra da Bocaina, in Portuguese), where the type locality of the species is located, in recognition of the great biodiversity importance of this mountain range. The name is used here as a noun in apposition. Vocalization. We recorded two types of calls, call 1 (n = 11; Fig. 5 A; Table 2) and call 2 (n = 10; Fig. 5 B; Table 2). The first one was composed of 9 to 18 non-pulsed notes (= 15.6 ± 2.3), with the energy gradually increasing in each note through the call, until reaching a peak typically on the penultimate or last note (Fig. 5 A). Call 1 duration ranged from 1000 to 2010 ms (= 1760 ± 260) and call rise time ranged from 91.6 – 99.4 % (= 97.8 ± 2.2) of the call. Note repetition rate was 8.1 – 9.0 notes / s (= 8.3 ± 0.3) and note repetition rate acceleration ranged from – 13.2 to 0.2 (= – 6.1 ± 4.4). Dominant Frequency was 2325 – 2756 Hz (= 2576 ± 146). Call 2 was composed of one non-pulsed note, with duration ranging from 13 to 14 ms (= 13.7 ± 0.0) and Dominant Frequency ranging from 2756 – 2842 Hz (= 2834 ± 27). We considered call 1 the advertisement call and call 2 the territorial call because of the simil

A new species of Ischnocnema Reinhardt and Lütken, 1862 (Anura: Brachycephalidae) of the I. lactea species series from southeastern Brazil

materials_examined

Holotype. MZUSP 138663, adult male, collected at Estação Ecológica do Bananal, municipality of Bananal, state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil, by H. Zaher and P. C. A. Garcia on 18 January 2008. Paratopotype. MZUSP 138664, adult male, collected with the holotype.

A new species of Ischnocnema Reinhardt and Lütken, 1862 (Anura: Brachycephalidae) of the I. lactea species series from southeastern Brazil